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Volume 16: Number 1: Article 5
Microscopic Theory of a System of Interacting Bosons: A Unifying New Approach
Yatendra S. Jain, Department of Physics, N.E.H.U., Shillong-793 022,
Meghalaya, India
This paper reports an entirely new approach to the microscopic understanding
of the behavior of a system of interacting bosons such as liquid 4He.
It reveals that each particle in the system represents a (q, -q) pair
(SMW pair) moving with a center of mass momentum K. An energetically
weak effect, resulting from inter-particle attraction and the overlap
of wave packets, locks these particles in phase (f) space at Df = 2np
(with n = 1, 2, 3,...) and leads them to acquire a kind of collective
binding. The entire system below l-point behaves like a single macroscopic
molecule. The binding is identified as an energy gap between the superfluid
and normal states of the system. The l-transition, resulting from inter-particle
quantum correlations, is the onset of an order-disorder of particles
in their f-space and their Bose Einstein condensation (BEC) in the ground
state of the system defined by q = p/d and K = 0. The fractional density
of condensed particles (nK=0(T)) varies monotonically from nK=0(Tl)
= 0 to nK=0(0) = 1.0. The l-transition represents the occurrence of
twin phenomena of broken gauge symmetry and phase coherence. In variance
with the conventional belief, it is concluded that the system can not
have p = 0 condensate. In addition to the well known modes of collective
motions such as phonons, rotons, maxons, etc., the superfluid state
also exhibits a new kind of quantum quasi-particle, omon, characterized
by a phononlike wave of the oscillations of momentum coordinates of
the particles. The theory explains the properties of He-II, including
the origin of quantized vortices, critical velocities, logarithmic singularity
of specific heat and related properties, etc., at the quantitative level.
It conforms to the excluded volume condition, microscopic and macroscopic
uncertainty, and vindicates the two fluid theory of Landau, an idea
of macroscopic wave function envisaged by London, etc. As discussed
elsewhere in this journal, the framework of this theory can also help
in unifying the physics of widely different systems of interacting bosons
and fermions.
Keywords: bosnic system, superfluidity, microscopic theory, many body
system
FULL TEXT:
Microscopic Theory of a System of Interacting Bosons: A Unifying New Approach
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